一、英语中什么是系表结构?
系表结构就是说明物质的一个性质,而不是一个动作之类,就是 I am ,he is,之类。is are am 都是系动词,不是动词。
系动词,亦称连系动词。作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,亦称补语(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。
1 定义
系表结构有两部分构成:连系动词和表语。下面分别解释一下:
一连系动词:
连系动词分为三类:be 动词,感官动词,趋势动词。
1) Be 动词:am, is, are, was,were
2) 感官动词:sound, look, taste, feel, smell
3) 趋势动词:appear, become, grow, get, turn, seem, remain
2 内容
注意:
有一些动词既可以做连系动词又可以作及物动词和不及物动词。
He is growing very fast. ---不及物动词
I am growing apples in my backyard.---及物动词The sea is growing rough.---连系动词
He is tasting the food.--- 及物动词
The food tastes good.--- 连系动词
二表语:
下列成分都可以做表语:名词, 形容词,副词, 动词不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词,表语从句.
使用举例(注意:连系动词不能够单独作谓语,他们必须和表语一起工作构成谓语):
1) 名词:
False: I am.
Right: I am a student.
2) 形容词:
False: He became. Right: He became strong.
3) 副词:
False: She remained.
Right: She remained there.
4) 现在分词:
False: The story seemed.
Right: The story seemed interesting.
5) 过去分词:
False: The windows seemed.
Right: The windows seemed broken.
6) 动名词:
False: His job is teach English.
Right: His job is teaching English.
7) 动词不定式:
False: Her plan is become the winner in the game.
Right: Her plan is to become the winner in the game.
6)和7)的区别:
6)中动名词表示某人经常干某事:她从星期一到星期五天天教英语;
7)中动词不定式表示某人将要干某事:她的计划是将要成为比赛的胜者。
8) 表语从句:
False:The question is.
Right: The question is whether he will come here in time tomorrow.
Right: The question is what he is going to do next.
Right: The question is how he has managed to solve the problem by himself
二、系表结构是什么?
1所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
2系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。简单地说,将主语和表语联系在一起,并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。目前学到的系动词有 be , feel , look , sound , taste , smell 等动词。例如:
This flower is beautiful.
I felt very tired.
You look worried.
It tastes delicious. 3. 表语( Predicative ):表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。它又叫作主语补足语。表语位于系动词之后,主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)或动名词(短语)等来充当。例如:
I am fine . ( fine 是形容词,作表语)
He is a boy . ( boy 是名词,作表语)
Five plus two is seven . ( seven 是数词,作表语)
We are here . ( here 是副词,作表语)
He is not at home . (“ at home ”是介词短语,作表语)
My hobby is reading . ( reading 是动名词,作表语)
二 . 主系表结构的否定形式和一般疑问句形式的构成情况
(一)否定形式:
1. 主语+ be ( is , am , are ) not +表语。
2. 主语+助动词( do/ does )+ not + feel/ smell/ look…… +表语。例如:
She is a good girl. → She is not a good girl.
You look happy. → You don’t look happy.
It smells bad. → It doesn’t smell bad.
(二)一般疑问句形式:
1. Be ( Is / Am/ Are )+主语+表语?
2. 助动词( Do/ Does )+主语+动词原形+表语?例如:
This girl is in Row One. → Is this girl in Row One?
She feels terrible. → Does she feel terrible?
We look excited. → Do you look excited?
以上是初中教材中关于主系表结构的重点内容,请同学们一定掌握好。
请大家按句子后面括号内的要求改写句子:
1. Lily is American. (改为一般疑问句)
2. I am from Sichuan. (改为否定句)
3. He looks puzzled. (改为一般疑问句)
4. They feel very excited. (改为否定句)
5. I am not feeling well. (改为肯定句)
6. The news sounds very bad. (改为一般疑问句)
7. We are all here. (改为一般疑问句)
8. The food tastes delicious. (改为一般疑问句)
9. Its name is Mimi. (改为否定句)
10. I feel well. (改为否定句)
Key:
1. Is Lily American?
2. I am not from Sichuan.
3. Does he look puzzled?
4. They don’t feel excited.
5. I am feeling well.
6. Does the news sound very bad?
7. Are you all here?
8. Does the food taste delicious?
9. Its name is not Mimi.
10. I don’t feel well