一、英语中什么是系表结构?

系表结构就是说明物质的一个性质,而不是一个动作之类,就是 I am ,he is,之类。is are am 都是系动词,不是动词。

系动词,亦称连系动词。作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,亦称补语(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。

1 定义

系表结构有两部分构成:连系动词和表语。下面分别解释一下:

一连系动词:

连系动词分为三类:be 动词,感官动词,趋势动词。

1) Be 动词:am, is, are, was,were

2) 感官动词:sound, look, taste, feel, smell

3) 趋势动词:appear, become, grow, get, turn, seem, remain

2 内容

注意:

有一些动词既可以做连系动词又可以作及物动词和不及物动词。

He is growing very fast. ---不及物动词

I am growing apples in my backyard.---及物动词The sea is growing rough.---连系动词

He is tasting the food.--- 及物动词

The food tastes good.--- 连系动词

二表语:

下列成分都可以做表语:名词, 形容词,副词, 动词不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词,表语从句.

使用举例(注意:连系动词不能够单独作谓语,他们必须和表语一起工作构成谓语):

1) 名词:

False: I am.

Right: I am a student.

2) 形容词:

False: He became. Right: He became strong.

3) 副词:

False: She remained.

Right: She remained there.

4) 现在分词:

False: The story seemed.

Right: The story seemed interesting.

5) 过去分词:

False: The windows seemed.

Right: The windows seemed broken.

6) 动名词:

False: His job is teach English.

Right: His job is teaching English.

7) 动词不定式:

False: Her plan is become the winner in the game.

Right: Her plan is to become the winner in the game.

6)和7)的区别:

6)中动名词表示某人经常干某事:她从星期一到星期五天天教英语;

7)中动词不定式表示某人将要干某事:她的计划是将要成为比赛的胜者。

8) 表语从句:

False:The question is.

Right: The question is whether he will come here in time tomorrow.

Right: The question is what he is going to do next.

Right: The question is how he has managed to solve the problem by himself

二、系表结构是什么?

1所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。

2系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。简单地说,将主语和表语联系在一起,并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。目前学到的系动词有 be , feel , look , sound , taste , smell 等动词。例如:

This flower is beautiful.

I felt very tired.

You look worried.

It tastes delicious.  3. 表语( Predicative ):表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。它又叫作主语补足语。表语位于系动词之后,主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)或动名词(短语)等来充当。例如:

I am fine . ( fine 是形容词,作表语)

He is a boy . ( boy 是名词,作表语)

Five plus two is seven . ( seven 是数词,作表语)

We are here . ( here 是副词,作表语)

He is not at home . (“ at home ”是介词短语,作表语)

My hobby is reading . ( reading 是动名词,作表语)

二 . 主系表结构的否定形式和一般疑问句形式的构成情况

(一)否定形式:

1. 主语+ be ( is , am , are ) not +表语。

2. 主语+助动词( do/ does )+ not + feel/ smell/ look…… +表语。例如:

She is a good girl. → She is not a good girl.

You look happy. → You don’t look happy.

It smells bad. → It doesn’t smell bad.

(二)一般疑问句形式:

1. Be ( Is / Am/ Are )+主语+表语?

2. 助动词( Do/ Does )+主语+动词原形+表语?例如:

This girl is in Row One. → Is this girl in Row One?

She feels terrible. → Does she feel terrible?

We look excited. → Do you look excited?

以上是初中教材中关于主系表结构的重点内容,请同学们一定掌握好。

请大家按句子后面括号内的要求改写句子:

1. Lily is American. (改为一般疑问句)

2. I am from Sichuan. (改为否定句)

3. He looks puzzled. (改为一般疑问句)

4. They feel very excited. (改为否定句)

5. I am not feeling well. (改为肯定句)

6. The news sounds very bad. (改为一般疑问句)

7. We are all here. (改为一般疑问句)

8. The food tastes delicious. (改为一般疑问句)

9. Its name is Mimi. (改为否定句)

10. I feel well. (改为否定句)

Key:

1. Is Lily American?

2. I am not from Sichuan.

3. Does he look puzzled?

4. They don’t feel excited.

5. I am feeling well.

6. Does the news sound very bad?

7. Are you all here?

8. Does the food taste delicious?

9. Its name is not Mimi.

10. I don’t feel well